China pledges to increase carbon emissions, nuclear power and other important alternative energy sources
Source: China Nuclear Power Information Network Date: 2015-07-06
Recently, the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress passed the National Security Law with 154 votes in favor, 0 against, and 1 abstention with a high vote. The law will take effect from the date of promulgation. This is also China's first truly national security law. The previous National Security Law was enacted in 1993. It stipulates the powers of national security agencies and counter-espionage work. It is difficult to meet the needs of comprehensively maintaining national security in various fields. It was repealed on November 1, 2014. Part of the content entered the new anti-espionage law.
The new National Security Law has attracted much attention because of its inclusion in Hong Kong for the first time, but for us, what is more noteworthy is that for the first time in the National Security Law, China's nuclear policy is fully elaborated.
The new National Security Law has a total of seven chapters and eighty-four articles, of which the second chapter, the task of maintaining national security, Article 31 provides:
The state adheres to the peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear technology, strengthens international cooperation, prevents nuclear proliferation, improves the non-proliferation mechanism, strengthens the safety management, supervision and protection of nuclear facilities, nuclear materials, nuclear activities and nuclear waste disposal, and strengthens the nuclear accident emergency system and Emergency capacity building to prevent, control and eliminate the harm of nuclear accidents to the lives and health of citizens and the ecological environment, and continuously enhance the ability to effectively respond to and prevent nuclear threats and nuclear attacks.
As early as April 15, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the first meeting of the Central National Security Council, proposing to build political security, homeland security, military security, economic security, cultural security, social security, and scientific and technological security. , Information security, ecological security, resource security, and nuclear security. This is the first time that nuclear safety has been integrated into the national security system. Ensuring nuclear safety has become an important task in maintaining national security. The nuclear safety mentioned here is no longer a narrow sense of nuclear safety, but a broad sense of nuclear safety, which is a collective term for nuclear issues related to national security.
Article 31 is as short as 120 words, but has rich connotation and extension.
Plutonium is first and foremost a peaceful use of nuclear energy. This is a solemn promise made by China to the international community through domestic legal forms. China is vigorously developing nuclear energy, has the world's largest nuclear power program, and is the world's largest nuclear power plant under construction. It is expected to become the world's largest nuclear power country by 2030. At the same time, China is working hard to develop and improve its nuclear industry system, building a complete nuclear fuel including uranium exploration, development, uranium chemical industry, uranium enrichment, nuclear fuel processing, spent fuel reprocessing, fast reactors, and radioactive waste treatment and disposal. Recycling system. Nuclear power going abroad has become Premier Li Keqiang's new diplomatic business card. Nuclear technology is a typical military-civilian dual-use technology. Making solemn promises for the peaceful use of nuclear energy is the proper attitude of a nuclear-weapon power.
Second is to strengthen international cooperation. The sustainable development of nuclear energy has become the common responsibility of countries developing nuclear energy worldwide. At present, global economic integration is continuously advancing, and international cooperation has become the mainstream. In particular, some major projects and cutting-edge equipment cannot be separated from international cooperation. The development of nuclear energy is no exception. It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation in major nuclear projects, prevention of nuclear terrorism, nuclear proliferation prevention, nuclear safety, and nuclear emergency, or any country cannot stand alone and respond to major nuclear issues on its own. problem.
The third is to prevent nuclear proliferation and improve the non-proliferation mechanism. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is a major threat to all aspects. At present, with the exception of the United States, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, and China, which have five legally possessed nuclear weapons, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel are considered to have transcended the nuclear threshold and become countries that actually possess nuclear weapons. The nuclear expansion of these countries has had a significant impact on regional security and disrupted the global balance of nuclear deterrence established since the Cold War. It may cause a nuclear arms race or a nuclear war. Therefore, non-proliferation is an important measure for maintaining nuclear safety.
(4) The fourth is to strengthen the safety management, supervision and protection of nuclear facilities, nuclear materials, nuclear activities and nuclear waste disposal. There are four aspects here. The first is to strengthen safety management, that is, the nuclear facility operating unit must fulfill the responsibility of the safety subject and strengthen safety management. The second is that the government must strengthen safety supervision. The third is to strengthen the protection of nuclear facilities and materials, that is, nuclear security. The fourth is to do a good job of nuclear waste disposal.
Fifth, strengthen the nuclear accident emergency system and emergency capacity building to prevent, control and eliminate the harm of nuclear accidents to the lives and health of citizens and the ecological environment. Nuclear accident emergency response is the last barrier to nuclear safety, and its purpose is to minimize the harm to people and the environment caused by nuclear accidents. On June 26, the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee organized a joint national nuclear emergency exercise code-named "Aegis-2015" to test the effectiveness and coordination of the three-level national nuclear emergency system.
(6) The sixth is to continuously enhance the ability to effectively respond to and prevent nuclear threats and attacks. The recently released nuclear power report of 2015 shows that although the United States and Russia have huge nuclear arsenals, they are still strengthening their nuclear power building. Of the four nuclear threshold countries, three are around China. Therefore, the nuclear threat facing our country will still exist for a long time, and there is a risk of nuclear attack. Effectively responding to and preventing nuclear threats and attacks is bound to be the most important, sensitive, and confidential in safeguarding nuclear security.
As Zheng Shuna, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the National People ’s Congress, said at a press conference held after the meeting, safeguarding national security is a national priority and national security legislation is the basic legal guarantee of national security. This law is based on Basic, overall and comprehensive laws that govern all areas of national security are in line with the new situation and new requirements for maintaining national security in China. Judging from the six connotations and extensions of Article 31, we believe that the first time nuclear policy is written into law, it is not only the basic legal guarantee for safeguarding national nuclear safety, but also the legal guarantee for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in China. Development has a profound impact.
Source: Daily Economic News Date: 2015-07-07
Under the multiple pressures of environmental protection and climate, China's carbon dioxide emission reduction has continued to accelerate.
On July 6, Zou Min, deputy director of the National Center for Climate Change Strategy Research and International Cooperation, visited the Chinese government website and pointed out that China's emission reduction efforts after 2020 will show an accelerated growth trend. The average rate of emission reduction is 3.9% per year, and from 2020 to 2030, China's emission reduction rate will reach 4.4%.
At the same time, Zou Jun emphasized that China's non-fossil energy installed capacity is expected to increase by about 900 million kilowatts on the basis of 2014. The average annual non-fossil energy installed capacity will increase from 41.5 million kilowatts from 2005 to 2020 to 2020 to 2030. 62.8 million kilowatts per year.
In response, Zheng Baowei, director of the Research Center for Journalism and Social Development of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with reporters that China is increasing its efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and is now working internally, and the peak emissions may be advanced to 2027.
CO2 emissions may reach peak after 15 years
The Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), which was held in Warsaw, Poland, at the end of 2013, invited all countries to submit their national contributions to address climate change as early as possible before the Paris meeting at the end of 2015.
6On June 30 this year, the Chinese government submitted to the Convention Secretariat the National Contribution Document on Climate Change, “Strengthening the Response to Climate Change-China's National Contribution”, and became the fifteenth party to submit its national independent contribution.
China's autonomous action goals set by 2030 are: CO2 emissions will peak around 2030 and strive to reach their peak as soon as possible; CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will fall by 60% to 65% compared to 2005, and non-fossil energy will account for the proportion of primary energy consumption It has reached about 20%, and the forest volume has increased by about 4.5 billion cubic meters compared with 2005. China will also continue to proactively adapt to climate change, develop mechanisms and capabilities to effectively resist climate change risks in key areas such as agriculture, forestry, and water resources, as well as cities, coastal areas, and ecologically fragile areas, and gradually improve its forecasting, early warning, and disaster prevention and mitigation systems.
In fact, as early as November 25, 2009, the State Council had decided that by 2020, China ’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP would fall by 40% to 45% compared to 2005. Action, by 2020 China's non-fossil energy will account for about 15% of primary energy consumption.
Zou Yan believes that compared with the existing emission reduction commitments in 2020, China's emission reduction efforts after 2020 will fully show an accelerated growth trend, and action will be further strengthened. China's average rate of emission reductions from 2005 to 2020 is 3.9% per year, and from 2020 to 2030, China's emission reduction rate will reach 4.4%, and the annual rate of decline is an increase.
At the same time, Zou Jun introduced that China's non-fossil energy installed capacity in 2030 is expected to increase by about 900 million kilowatts on the basis of 2014, which is much higher than the same period in the United States and Europe. The average annual non-fossil energy installed capacity is 4,150 from 2005 to 2020. Million kilowatts, up to 62.8 million kilowatts from 2020 to 2030.
In this regard, Zheng Baowei said that in terms of energy, wind power, hydropower, nuclear power, etc. are all working hard to develop. Among them, the development of wind power will be more and more, and the goal should be sure.
Alternative energy needed to achieve autonomous action
"I want to look at it from a historical perspective. China's self-contribution goal is a great initiative. It should be said that it has done something that no one has done before. In this regard, it is powerful." China's emissions reductions are highly recognized.
However, there are still some concerns in the industry to achieve the 2030 autonomous action goal. From the perspective of coal consumption alone, in 2014, China's coal consumption was about 3.5 billion tons.
In this regard, Zou Yan believes that in order to achieve the goals, resources, funds, technology, etc. are needed, and alternative energy sources are needed, such as natural gas to replace coal and nuclear energy.
的 The 2014 energy consumption data released by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that nuclear power generation increased by 18.8%, hydropower generation increased by 15.7%, and thermal power generation decreased by 0.3%. Coal consumption accounts for 66.0% of total energy consumption, and clean energy consumption of hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, and natural gas accounts for 16.9% of total energy consumption.
It is not difficult to see that although non-fossil energy sources have seen rapid growth in nuclear and hydroelectric power generation, there is still a large gap between total mass and coal consumption.
Zou Jun introduced that in the process of urbanization in the next 10-15 years, the use of high-energy-consuming and high-emission materials will bring huge emission pressures; as incomes increase, it may be in the period of 2030, The proportion of manufacturing industry will decline, and emissions of construction and transportation based on consumer activities will increase. At present, two-thirds of emissions in developed countries are emissions from construction and transportation. China should make plans and prepare early.
Zheng Baowei said, "[Achieving the 2030 target] must be very difficult, especially the gap between equipment and technology, and we have always emphasized cooperation with foreign countries, mainly in terms of equipment and technology."
There are also issues of public awareness, abnormal climate change, etc. Zheng Baowei said that there should be ideological preparations in these areas and think about the difficulties a bit more, but the goal is still completely sure.