China's nuclear power breaks the world
Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition. Date: 2015-11-09.
The recently announced proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to formulate the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" further clarified the idea of the safe and efficient development of nuclear power. According to the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for Nuclear Power, China's planned installed capacity will reach 58 million kilowatts in 2020, with 30 million kilowatts under construction. In the future, the average annual production and new start-up units will reach about 6 units.
Entering the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, despite the impact of the Fukushima incident in Japan, China ’s nuclear power construction has maintained a certain scale. The newly-installed installed capacity is second only to the United States and France. , Equipment manufacturing capabilities, and nuclear power plant operating capabilities are in line with world advanced levels.
Breakthrough: China's New Business Card
On October 21, the China Consortium led by China General Nuclear Power Corporation and France Power Group jointly invested in the construction of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power project in the United Kingdom, and jointly promoted the two subsequent nuclear power projects at Sitzville C and Bradwell B. . This is the first time that Chinese enterprises have led the development and construction of nuclear power projects in western developed countries. The highlight is that China's independent research and development of "Hualong One" will be able to be used to achieve a breakthrough in the export of China's independent nuclear power technology to developed countries, marking "Hualong One." Technology is recognized by developed European countries.
Since the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011, China has suspended the approval of all nuclear power projects, and restarting nuclear power has been the focus of discussion in the new energy field. It was not until the end of 2012 that nuclear power Huaneng Shidaowan Nuclear Power officially started construction. Subsequently, four units, including Fuqing No. 4 and Yangjiang No. 4, Shidaowan High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Demonstration Project, and Tianwan Nuclear Power Phase II Project No. 1 started construction.
At the same time, China ’s nuclear power has accelerated its pace at sea, and its “go global” strategy has become a national strategy. In October 2013, the National Energy Administration announced the "Implementation Plan for the Coordination Work Mechanism for Serving Nuclear Power Enterprises' Scientific Development Coordination Work", which for the first time proposed the "Go Global" strategy for nuclear power companies: giving directional guidance to the "Go Global" of nuclear power enterprises and promoting the "Go Global" "As an important topic of bilateral political and economic exchanges between China and potential nuclear power importing countries.
Subsequently, on October 17, CGNPC signed a strategic agreement with EDF to jointly invest in the construction of a British nuclear power project.
On November 25, CGNPC and Romanian National Nuclear Power Company signed a letter of intent on the construction of Units 3 and 4 of the Romanian Chernavod Nuclear Power Station. Nuclear power “going global” has made substantial progress.
At the technical level, currently, the internationally recognized technology is three generations of nuclear power. In this regard, China already has two independent brands-"Hualong No. 1" and CAP1400.
The "Hualong No. 1" technology is a fusion of the two technologies of China National Nuclear Corporation's ACP1000 and China National Nuclear Corporation's ACPR1000 +. It is based on China's more than 20 years of mature experience in nuclear power construction and operation, and draws on the world's advanced design concepts for the third generation of nuclear power independent innovation.
8In August 2014, "Hualong No. 1" passed the expert review led by the National Energy Administration and the National Nuclear Safety Administration. On May 7, this year, the "Hualong No. 1" demonstration project Fuqing Unit 5 officially started construction. The major special CAP1400 demonstration project site is ready for all work, has the starting conditions, and meets the requirements for continuous construction after the start. The overall equipment localization rate will exceed 85%.
China entered the European and American high-end markets with the "Hualong One" and entered the gate of the "Nuclear Power Elite Club". Nuclear power has become China's new business card.
Layout: from coastal to inland
China currently has 26 nuclear power projects under construction and 27 in operation. In terms of distribution, it is mainly concentrated along the coast. However, according to China ’s nuclear power installed capacity of 58 million kilowatts by 2020 and the target of 30 million kilowatts under construction, coastal address resources will inevitably be insufficient, and inland will become a key point.
Academician Pan Ziqiang, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Society for Radiation Protection, appealed at the 2nd Nuclear Energy Safety Technology Summit Forum hosted by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: It is time to start the inland nuclear power plant.
This year, the National Development and Reform Commission commissioned the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association, etc. to conduct research on 31 inland nuclear power plants to demonstrate their research report has also been submitted to the State Council.
As early as January 3, 2008, the State Council Nuclear Power Leading Group meeting decided to start an inland nuclear power project. On February 1, the same year, the National Development and Reform Commission hosted an inland nuclear power coordination meeting to clarify the Hunan Taohuajiang Nuclear Power Plant, Hubei Datong Xianning Nuclear Power Plant, Jiangxi Pengze Nuclear Power Plant can carry out the preliminary work of the project. In March 2009, the review of the two evaluation reports of three inland nuclear power plant sites including the Taohua River in Hunan, Xianning in Hubei, and Pengze in Jiangxi was completed, and the reactor type was set as the AP1000 advanced reactor. Subsequently, Liaoning, Jilin, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing and other regions also announced their provincial nuclear power plans. Of the 43 nuclear power projects in China that have reviewed the preliminary feasibility study report, 31 inland nuclear power plants are located in 8 provinces. On March 11, 2011, a major accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. The State Council quickly made a decision: to suspend the approval of nuclear power projects including preliminary work, and conduct safety inspections of nuclear power plants under construction and to be constructed. In November 2012, the executive meeting of the State Council proposed to “stable restoration of normal construction”, and during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, only a few well-proven nuclear power plant sites will be arranged along the coast, and inland nuclear power projects will not be arranged. On November 19, 2014, the General Office of the State Council stated in the notice of the Strategic Action Plan for Energy Development (2014-2020): "On the premise of adopting the highest international safety standards and ensuring safety, start new nuclear power in a timely manner in the eastern coastal areas. Project construction, research and demonstration of inland nuclear power construction ". Since the Fukushima incident, all second-generation projects under construction have been replaced with third-generation nuclear power technology.
Of the 31 inland nuclear power plant sites demonstrated in this study, three inland nuclear power plant sites in Taohuajiang, Hunan, Xianning, Hubei, and Pengze, Jiangxi were approved by the Development and Reform Commission in 2008 and subsequently carried out preliminary work with AP1000 as the technical reactor type. A lot of economic investment has been made.
Academician Pan Ziqiang said that the location of the three inland nuclear power plants is affordable and meets the requirements for industrial development to be transferred from the coast to the inland.
Escort: Multi-pronged approach to ensure safety
The next day, one of China's first inland nuclear power plants, Taohuajiang Nuclear Power Plant project in Taojiang County, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, passed the peer review. This is the first time that China's inland nuclear power “public communication” has been peer-reviewed.
The public talk about nuclear discoloration has always been a problem that has plagued nuclear power construction. Director Wu Yican, director of the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters that in August this year, they conducted a survey for the society. Among more than 2,600 valid survey questionnaires, 60% of the audience stated that the safety of nuclear power was not informed; Among the people interviewed, those who expressed support for the development of nuclear power did not want nuclear power plants to be built at their doorstep.
From the Chernobyl incident to the Fukushima incident, nuclear power accidents have caused huge negative impacts on the public. Although the simulation of nuclear power safety has never stopped, Fukushima provided an irreproducible sample of nuclear power safety. On November 2nd, at the 2nd Nuclear Energy Safety Technology Summit Forum hosted by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, more than 300 domestic and foreign experts discussed nuclear power under the topic of “Nuclear Energy Safety, Public Awareness and Sustainable Development”. Some issues in development, especially in the technical guarantee of nuclear power safety and communication with the public, were discussed.
Taking Hualong No. 1 as an example, it surpassed the requirements of the existing three-generation nuclear power technology in many safety indicators. "The Hualong One" chief designer Xian Chunyu introduced that the "Hualong One" has two outstanding advantages. One is that it has reached the new nuclear safety goals and requirements put forward by the National Nuclear Safety Administration after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. To meet the highest international requirements, such as earthquake resistance, anti-aircraft collision design, diversity and reliability of water sources, etc .; second, it adopts mature technologies that have been tested in practice, reducing the risk of nuclear power plants in construction period and quality.
Wu Yican said that the rapid development of nuclear energy has made public acceptance a key concern of current research, and put forward "four innovations": in the concept of innovation, the safety goal must be reintegrated from technology to society; in technical innovation, it must not be unlimited and complicated In-depth defense is used to solve safety problems, and innovative reactor technology is the ultimate development way. In method innovation, we must attach importance to theoretical guidance and adopt a systematic evaluation system. In terms of measure innovation, between government, industry and society, we should Give play to the role of "third party" as a bridge and link.